1-Obaid, M. (2006), mafahim almuatanata. alqahirati, masr: almarkaz alduwaliu lildirasat almustaqbaliat walaistiratijiati, (15), 8.
2-Al-Gohary, A. (2000), 'usul eilm alaijtimae alsiyasi. al'iiskandariati, almujtamae alhadith, (t2), 301.
3-Al-Saeedi, H. (2019), dawr shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii ealaa taeziz 'abead almuatinat ladaa alshabab. alqahirat: eayan shams. majalat kuliyat altarbiati, 3(43), 111-131.
4-Abdullah, M., Youssef, I. (2018). shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii wasubul tawzifiha fi taeziz 'abead almuatinat alraqamiat ladaa tullab kuliyat altarbiat jamieat almalik faysl. kuliyat altarbiati, almajalat altarbawiat, (56), 2-32
5-Othman, M. (2017). shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii wathariha ealaa tullab aljamieat bialsudan: jamieat shandi nmwdhjana. majalat markaz dirasat al'islam walealam almaeasiri, (12), 200-228.
6-Safrar, A. (2017). dawr shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii fi tarsikh qiam almuatinat min wijhat nazar alshabab aljamieii aleumani. risalat majstayr ghyr manshurati. kuliyat al'iielam. jamieat alshrq al'awsat.
7-Aweidah, W. (2016), darajat 'iisham shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii fy taeziz mafhum almuatinat alraqamiat min wijhat nazar talibat jamieat al'imam muhamad bin sueud al'iislamiat bialrayad. alryad: almajalat alduwaliat almutakhasisati. 5(4), 463-499.
8-Bashir, G. (2016), 'athara althawrat alraqamiat walaistikhdam almukathaf lishabikat altawasul alaijtimaeii fi rusim alsuwrat aljadidat limafhum almuatinati, min almuatin aleadii 'iilaa almuatin alraqmii, aljzayr: majalat dafatir alsiyasat walqanun. (15), 735.
9-Terban, M. (2016). faeiliat shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii fi tadeim qiam almuatinat dirasat mashiat ealaa nushata' altawasul alaijtimaeii min tullab aljamieati. biruta: dar alnahdat alearabiati. majalat alaitisal waltanmiati. (16).
10-Muhmud, R. (2015), dawr shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii fy daem huquq al'iinsan alraqamiat ladaa tullab aljamieati. majalat albihwth alnafsiat waltarbawiati. alqahirt: klyt altarbiat. jamieat alminawfiat. alqahirat, 4(30). 448-462.
11-Abdel Halim, N. (2015). aistikhdam shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii waealaqatih bidhika' alwujadan wamafhum almuatinat ladaa tullab aljamieati. majalat albihwth alnafsiat waltarbawiati. alqahrt: klyt altarbiat. jamieat alminawfiat. alqahirat, (4), 199-247.
12-Sharif, I. (2015), dawr shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii fi tanmiat almuatinat ladaa alshabab aljamiei: dirasatan wasafiatan mutbaqatan ealaa tullab alfurqat al'uwlaa bialmaehad alealii lilkhidmat alaijtimaeiat babniha. majalat bihawth alshrq al'awsat, jamieat eayan shams. (36), 53-96.
13-Mahmud, H. (2011), aitijahat alshabab aljamieii nahw almusharakat fi almujtamaeat alaiftiradiat walhaqiqiat fi easr aleawlimati, majalat dirasat fi alkhidmat alaijtimaeiat waleulum al'iinsaniat. 7(30).
14-Al-Qahtani, A. (2010), qiam almuatinat ladaa alshabab wa'iishamiha fi taeziz al'amn alwaqayiyi, risalat dukturah ghyr manshurati. alriyad: jamieat nayif alearabiat lileulum al'amniati. kuliyat aldirasat aleulya, qism aleulum alshartiat.
15- Mitha, M. (2008) citizenship rights of sexually exploited children self – dignity and power,
PHD, United Kingdom. Online at: DOI:
10.4324/9781351150088-23
16- Hanray, M. (2007). an introduction to effective practice: post 16 citizenships in colleges, learning and skills network, united states. On line at: https://books.google.com.eg/books/about/Post_16_Citizenship_in_Colleges.html?id=iWHAvQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y
17- Kristen, C. (2007). the citizenship values for young people and adult U. S. A: Minnesota University.
18- Hausendorf H., & Bora A. (Eds.) (2006).
Analyzing citizenship talk: social positioning in political and legal decision-making processes (Discourse approaches to politics, society and culture, 19). Amsterdam: Benjamins. On line at:
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2449105
19- Peterson, D., Roebuck, J., Betts, S., & Stuart, M. (2005). Pathways of influence in out-of-school time: A community-university partnership to develop ethics. New Directions for Youth Development, 2005(108), 135-143. doi: 10.1002/yd.148
20- Walker, J., Gran, C., & Curiel, A. (2005). Shaping ethics: Youth workers matter. New Directions for Youth Development, 2005(108), 19-30. doi: 10.1002/yd.139
21- Top of Form
Mündel, K. (2003). Examining the impact of university international programs on active citizenship: The case of student praxical participation in the Mexico-Canada Rural Development Exchange. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada.
Bottom of Form
25- Al Mahdi, A. (2018). almajal aleama min alwaqie alfielii 'iilaa alealam alaiftiradi: maeayir altashakul walmueuiqati, waraqat bahathiyat manshurat bialmarkaz aldiymuqratii alearabii barlin 'almania
On line at: http://democraticac.de/?p=53184
26- Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The virtual sphere: The internet as a public sphere. New Media & Society, 4(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614440222226244
27- Brundidge, J. (2010). Encountering “Difference” in the Contemporary Public Sphere: The Contribution of the Internet to the Heterogeneity of Political Discussion Networks. Journal of Communication, 60(4), 680-700. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01509.x
29- boyd, d., & Ellison, N. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
30-Altayar, F. (2014), shabakat altawasul alaijtimaeii wa'athariha ealaa alqiam ladaa tullab aljamiet: tawyatir nmwdhjana: dirasat tatbiqiatan ealaa tullab jamieat almalik sueud. alryad: almajalat alearabiat lildirasat al'amniat waltadribi, 31 (61), 226.
31-Sadiq, A. (2011), al'iielam aljadida. dirasatan fi mudakhalat alnazariat wakhasayisih aleamata. albawwabat alearabiat lieulum al'iielam walaitisali, 9.
32- Khamis, M. (2004), althaqafat alearabiat almueasirat waqim aleamal fi 'iitar aleawlimati, qiam wamiharat aleamal alearabiat bayn almithal althaqafii walwaqie almujtamei. bahathi manshur fi majalat shuyuwn earabiat, alqahirat. (117), 138.
33-Aleyd. F. (2006), almushkilat alnafsiat lilshabab almnhrf fi alwasat alhadrii aljzayry: dirasatan maydaniat lawaqie alsihat alnafsiat ladaa alshabab waealaqatiha bialeunf al'iijramii ealaa eayinat min alshabab almunharaf bimuasasat alwiqayat - aljazayir: mutamar alshabab min 4-6 dismbir. almaehad alearabii li'iinma' almaduni, 12.