المجال العام والفعل التواصلي عند هابرماس کأطر موجهة للبحوث الإعلامية - رؤية تحليلية نقدية

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

کلية البنات للآداب والعلوم والتربية- جامعة عين شمس-القاهرة-مصر

المستخلص

تَهْدُفُ هذه الورقة البحثية إلى تقديم رؤية تحليلية نقدية لعددٍ من الدراسات السابقة، العربية والأجنبية، التي انطلقت من القضايا النظرية للمجال العام والفعل التواصلي عند هابرماس لتحليل الدور الفعلي للإعلام التقليدي والرقمي، سواء في تداول الهيمنة الفکرية وتأمينها للقوى المسيطرة في المجتمع، أو في إتاحة النقاش الحر.
واعتمدتِ الدراسة على تحليل (25) دراسة عربية، و(23) دراسة أجنبية، تحليلًا کيفيًّا باستخدام التحليل الثانوي في الفترة من عام 2011 إلى 2021.
وکشفتِ النتائج عن استمرار الجدل بين الباحثين على المستويين العربي والغربي حول دور شبکات التواصل الاجتماعي والإعلام الرقمي في خلق مجال عام حر، يقوم على النقاش العقلاني والحوار التواصلي الرشيد، مقارنةً بالإعلام التقليدي، خاصةً بعد التحولات السياسية التي شهدتها الکثيرُ من الدول العربية في العقد الماضي، إلَّا أنَّها حذَّرت من التأکيد المطلق لدور هذه الشبکات في خلق المجال العام، مع ضرورة النظر في أخلاقيات الخطاب المُقَدَّمِ عبر المجال العام الافتراضي، الذي قد يتجاوز الآراء المعتدلة، ويهدد الديموقراطية المنشودة، فضلًا عن ضرورة دراسة هذا المجال في إطار علاقته بالسياق التاريخي والسياسي والاجتماعي للمجتمع، مع تأکيد بعضها صعوبة تطبيق المجال العام بالمعنى الهابرماسي على المجتمعات العربية.
کما دَعَت هذه الورقة البحثية إلى مزيد من الاهتمام -خاصةً على المستوى العربي- باختبار دور الإعلام خاصةً الرقمي في تحقيق النشاط التواصلي العقلاني من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى التعمق في التراث المارکسي الثقافي ومراجعة کتابات بعض علماء مدرسة فرانکفورت في محاولة لاختبار إمکانية تطوير نظرية جديدة عن الاتصال، تعالج المثالية في مفاهيم المجال العام والتواصل التي کشف عنها التحليل الکيفي للدراسات السابقة.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


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