اتجاهات الصحفيين نحو دور الإعلام في العلاقات المدنية- العسكرية في السودان

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

جامعة الملك فيصل/ كلية الآداب/ قسم الإتصال و الإعلام

المستخلص

    توتر العلاقات المدنية العسكرية في السودان يشكل تهديدًا للاستقرار السياسي والتماسك الاجتماعي، وتركز الدراسة على قياس اتجاهات الصحفيين تجاه العلاقات المدنية- العسكرية في السودان، كما تهدف إلى التعرف على العوامل التي تجعل الإعلام أكثر فعالية في العاطي مع القضية المطروحة، واستخدمت الدراسة منصَّات التواصل الاجتماعي عبر الإنترنت لنشر أسئلة الاستطلاع. كانت العينة المستهدفة للاستبانة مكوَّنة من ذكور وإناث يمثلون مؤسسات إعلامية متنوعة، وتم تحديد المشاركين في حجم العينة المختارة بـ 120مشاركًا، طُلب منهم الإجابة عن 32 سؤالًا؛ حيث صممت الأسئلة لتعكس مشكلة وأهداف البحث، وقد أظهر تحليل الإجابات التي تم جمعها وجوب تحقق شروط معينة تجعل محتوى الوسائط الإعلامية أكثر تأثيرًا، كما وقفت الدراسة على متطلبات ضرورية تجعل وسائل الإعلام قادرة على التفاعل مع قضية توتر العلاقات المدنية العسكرية تتمثل فيما يلي: (1) يجب على الإعلاميين الاستمرار في إظهار المبادرات. (2) لابد من الإصرار على مواجهة التحديات المحتملة. (3) التخطيط الإعلامي إلزامي لإنتاج محتوى قابل للتطبيق. (4) الرسالة الإعلامية المفصّلة جديرة بمعالجة القضايا التي تواجه المجتمع والدولة. كما أصبحت التطبيقات الإعلامية لا غنى عنها عند التعامل مع القضايا الرئيسة للمجتمع والدولة؛ وبالتالي، هناك حاجة لإجراء مزيد من الدراسات الاستقصائية، كما يمكنهم تطبيق تقنيات عملية لحل المشكلات والحفاظ على العلاقات المدنية العسكرية محايدة وقابلة للتفاعل الإيجابي.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


-Ahmad, N., Popa, I.-L., 2014. The Social Media Usage and the Transformation of Political Marketing and Campaigning of the Emerging Democracy in Indonesia Case Study of the 2012 Gubernatorial Election of the Special Region of the Capital City Jakarta, in: Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media, Public Administration and Information Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 97–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04666-2
-Aslan, Ö. 2018. The United States and Military Coups in Turkey and Pakistan between Conspiracy and Reality. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66011-0 
-Assensoh, A.B., Alex-Assensoh, Y.M., 2001. African Military History and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan US, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780312292720
-Bellamy, A.J., 2002. “Like Drunken Geese in the Fog”: Developing Democratic Control of Armed Forces in Croatia, in: Democratic Control of the Military in Post-communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 174–193. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403905239
-Brosché, J., 2019. Ethno-communal Conflict in Sudan and South Sudan, in: Ratuva, S. (Ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 655–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_49
-Busair Ahmed, M., 2018. Quantitative Data Collection Methods, in: Research Methods in Communication and Media Studies. Franklin International Publishers, New York.
-Calderaro, A., 2014. Internet Politics beyond the Digital Divide A Comparative Perspective on Political Parties Online Across Political Systems, in: Social Media in Politics: Case Studies on the Political Power of Social Media, Public Administration and Information Technology. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04666-2
-Callaghy, T.M., 1987. Patrimonial Administrative State in Africa, in: The African State in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 87–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18886-4
-Cottey, A., Edmunds, T., Forster, A. (Eds.), 2002. Introduction: the Challenge of Democratic Control of Armed Forces in post-communist Europe, in: Democratic Control of the Military in post-communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403905239
-Croissant, A., Kuehn, D., 2017. Introduction, in: Reforming Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53189-2
-Croissant, A., Kuehn, D., 2011. Introduction: New Perspectives on Civil-Military Relations. Eur Polit Sci 10, 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1057/eps.2011.1
-Curran, D., 2017. More than Fighting for Peace? Conflict Resolution, UN Peacekeeping, and the Role of Training Military Personnel, the Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46305-6
-Dahlberg, R., Dalgaard-Nielsen, A., 2020. The Roles of Military and Civilian Forces in Domestic Security, in: Sookermany, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Military Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_33-1
-Ergas, Z. (Ed.), 1987a. The African State in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18886-4
-Ergas, Z. (Ed.), 1987b. Introduction, in: The African State in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18886-4
-Ergas, Z. (Ed.), 1987c. In Search of Development in Africa, in: The African State in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 295–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18886-4
-Everts, P.P., 2002. Democracy and Military Force. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230509863
-Gurdon, C., 1989. Instability and the State: Sudan, in: The State and Instability in the South. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10421-5
-Heineken, L., 2020. South Africa’s Post-Apartheid Military: Lost in Transition and Transformation, Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33734-6
-Isaacs, A., 1993. Military Rule and Transition in Ecuador, 1972-92, First Edition. ed. The Macmillan Press Ltd, London.
-Kieh, G.K., 2018. Toward Addressing the African Condition: The Lessons, in: Contemporary Issues in African Society: Historical Analysis and Perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49772-3
-Kiyala, J.C.K., Harris, G.T. (Eds.), 2022. General Introduction, in: Civil Society and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Anthropocene: An Overview, the Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95179-5
-Koonings, K., 2001. Political Orientations and Factionalism in the Brazilian Armed Forces, 1964 –85, in: The Soldier and the State in South America Essays in Civil–Military Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977972
-Krtsch, R., Vüllers, J., 2019. Unintended consequences of post-conflict power sharing. Explaining civilian activism. Z Friedens und Konflforsch 8, 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42597-019-00002-3
-Likoti, J.F., 2006. African Military Intervention in African Conflicts: An Analysis of Military Intervention in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho. (PhD). Western Cape, South Africa.
-Malešič Marjan, Garb Maja (Eds.), 2018. Public Trust in the Military from Global, Regional and National Perspectives, in: Handbook of the Sociology of the Military, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71602-2
-Morgan, E.C., 2018. The Military, Militarism and State Integrity in Africa, in: Contemporary Issues in African Society: Historical Analysis and Perspective. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 83–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49772-3
-Morrison, D.G., Mitchell, R.C., Paden, J.N., 1989. Black Africa A Comparative Handbook, 2nd Edition. ed. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11023-0
-Mouzelis, N., 1989. State and Politics in the Parliamentary Semi Periphery, in: The State and Instability in the South. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 13–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10421-5
-Mudhoffir, A.M., 2022. State of Disorder: Privatized Violence and the State in Indonesia, Contestations in Contemporary Southeast Asia. Springer Singapore, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3663-9
-Narli, N., 2005. Civil-Military Relations in Turkey, in: The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg, pp. 229–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1656-6
-Nigusie, W.M.K., Ivkina, N.V., 2021. Post-colonial Period in the History of Africa: Development Challenges, in: Africa and the Formation of the New System of International Relations: Rethinking Decolonization and Foreign Policy Concepts, Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77336-6
-Nowakowska, M., Reis, J., Kazanecka, A., 2020. Cultural Awareness for Civilian-Military Cooperation in Sub-Saharan Africa, in: Developments and Advances in Defense and Security: Proceedings of MICRADS 2020, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer Nature Singapore, Singapore, pp. 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4875-8
-Nunn, F.M., 2001. Foreign Influences on the South American Military: Professionalization and Politicization, in: The Soldier and the State in South America Essays in Civil–Military Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 13–37. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977972
-Omara-Otunnu, A., 1987. Politics and the Military in Uganda, 1890-1985. Palgrave Macmillan UK : Imprint : Palgrave Macmillan, London.
-Pantev, P.I., 2005. Introduction, in: The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1656-6
-Perloff, R.M., 2014. The Dynamics of Political Communication: Media and Politics in a Digital Age. Routledge, New York, NY.
-Philip, G., 2001. Military Governments: Continuity and Change in Twentieth-Century South America, in: The Soldier and the State in South America Essays in Civil–Military Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977972
-Pion-Berlin, D., Dudley, D., 2020. Civil-Military Relations: What Is the State of the Field, in: Handbook of Military Sciences. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02866-4_37-1
-Powell, J.M., Thyne, C.L., 2011. Global instances of coups from 1950 to 2010: A new dataset. Journal of Peace Research 48, 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343310397436
-R€uland, J. urgen, Manea, M.-G., 2012. The Politics of Military Reform in Indonesia and Nigeria, in: The Politics of Military Reform: Experiences from Indonesia and Nigeria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29624-6
-Ratuva, S., 2019. Multi-faceted Dilemmas: Politics and the Changing Dynamics of Civil–Military Relations—A Global Synopsis, in: Guns & Roses: Comparative Civil-Military Relations in the Changing Security Environment. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 15–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2008-8
-Rizvi, H.-A., 2000. Military, State and Society in Pakistan. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230599048
-Rukavishnikov, V.O., Pugh, M., 2018. Civil-Military Relations, in: Handbook of the Sociology of the Military, Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71602-2
-Rüland, J., Manea, M.-G., Born, H. (Eds.), 2012. The Politics of Military Reform: Experiences from Indonesia and Nigeria. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29624-6
-Silva, P. (Ed.), 2001a. The Soldier and the State in South America Essays in Civil–Military Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977972
-Silva, P. (Ed.), 2001b. Forging Military–Technocratic Alliances: The Ibáñez and Pinochet Regimes in Chile, in: The Soldier and the State in South America Essays in Civil–Military Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977972
-Silva, P. (Ed.), 2001c. The Soldier and the State in South America: Introduction, in: The Soldier and the State in South America Essays in Civil–Military Relations. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333977972
-Staniþiü, M., 2005. The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe: The Case of Croatia, in: The Evolution of Civil-Military Relations in South East Europe Continuing Democratic Reform and Adapting to the Needs of Fighting Terrorism. Physica-Verlag HD, Heidelberg, pp. 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1656-6
-Sudanese Journalists Syndicate elects first chair in 33 years | Radio Dabanga [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudanese-journalists-syndicate-elects-first-chair-in-33-years (accessed 11.24.22).
-Thomson, A., 2019. Ethnic Conflict and Militias, in: The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 559–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_41
-Tsunekawa, K., Todo, Y. (Eds.), 2019. Emerging Challenges for Emerging States, in: Emerging States at Crossroads, Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2859-6
-Urbelis, V., Urbonas, T., 2002. The Challenges of Civil-Military Relations and Democratic Control of Armed Forces: the Case of Lithuania, in: Democratic Control of the Military in post-communist Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403905239
-Welch, C.E., 1987. The Military and the State in Africa: Problems of Political Transition, in: The African State in Transition. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, pp. 191–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18886-4
-Young, P., Jesser, P., 1997. The Media and the Military from the Crimea to Desert Strike. Palgrave Macmillan UK, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230376809
-Zartman, W., 1993. State Building and the Military in Arab Africa, in: The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World. St. Martin’s Press, Inc., New York, pp. 239–257.