الاتجاهات الحديثة في البحوث الصحفية للصراع العربي الإسرائيلي- دراسة تحليلية من المستوى الثاني

نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية

المؤلف

قسم الصحافة کلية الإعلام جامعة الأزهر

المستخلص

هدفت الدراسة إلى رصد وتحليل التراث العلمى لبحوث الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي في الدراسات العربية والأجنبية خلال الفترة الزمنية من 2014م حتى 2025م، من حيث مشكلاتها البحثية، وأطرها النظرية، وتقنياتها المنهجية؛ بغية رصد جوانب القوة والضعف فيها نظريًّا ومنهجيًّا، وتنتمي هذه الدراسة إلى نوعية البحوث الوصفية التحليلية من المستوى الثاني، وفي هذا السياق تم الاعتماد على إجراء التحليل الكمِّي والكيفيّ معًا لــ (106) أبحاث، ولتقديم رؤية متكاملة استنادًا إلى أسلوب التحليل من المستوى الثاني meta-Analysis، الذى يهدف إلى بناء الرؤية النقدية اللازمة لتطوير بحوث الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي في الصحافة والمواقع الصحفية، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة:

أبرزت الدراسات العربية والإسلامية وفي ماليزيا وإندونيسيا معاناة الشعب الفلسطيني من مجارز اليهود وسياسات التجويع والتهجير والاستيطان، وحقوق الشعب الفلسطيني في الدفاع عن النفس ضد المحتل الإسرائيلي، بينما على النقيض من ذلك، جاءت الدراسات الأجنبية الأسترالية والأوروبية والأمريكية- إن منظور الصحافة الأمريكية للصراع بين إسرائيل وفلسطين ليس مستقلًا عن السياسة الأمريكية تجاه الشرق الأوسط- متحيزة، وصوَّرت الفلسطينيين بأنهم إرهابيون، وأنهم هم الذين يستخدمون العنف ضد الإسرائيليين، وعمدوا على إبراز الروايات الإسرائيلية وتجاهل الروايات الفلسطينية، وأغمضت أعينها عن تقديم مجازر الصهيونية ضد المدنيين العُزَّل من النساء والأطفال والشيوخ الفلسطينيين، في ظل غياب الضمير العالمي.
ارتبطت الدراسات الصحفية الخاصة بالصراع العربي الإسرائيلي بالبُعد الجغرافي، فكلما اقتربت الدولة التي بها البحوث محل الدراسة جغرافيًا من الحرب الإسرائيلية على فلسطين، كلما زادت الدراسات التي تتناول الصراع الإسرائيلي الفلسطيني، وكلما ابتعدت جغرافيًا كلما قلَّت هذه الدراسات.
جاء توظيف الأطر النظرية في المدرسة الأجنبية أقل من الدراسات العربية، إلا إنها تميزت في الوقت ذاته بالجدة، ويُعبر ذلك عن اهتمام الباحثين في المدرسة الأجنبية بتحري الدقة في اختيار ما يعتمدون عليه من مداخل وأطر نظرية، لتحليل الظواهر المدروسة وتفسيرها، والوصول من خلالها لقوانين علمية تسهم في إمكانية التنبؤ بمسارات الظواهر في الوقت الراهن وفي المستقبل.
استخدمت بعض الدراسات العربية النظريات الحديثة نسبيًا بالنسبة للدراسات العربية الإعلامية، وتميزت بعض الدراسات العربية والأجنبية في استخدام أكثر من نظرية والمزواجة بينها، وهو ما يخرجها من النمطية التقليدية التي تتمثل في استخدام نظرية واحدة.
تمثل المجلات العلمية المحكمة وعاء النشر الأكثر استخدامًا من قبل الباحثين لإنتاج دراساتهم البحثية الخاصة بالصراع العربي الإسرائيلي.

الكلمات الرئيسية

الموضوعات الرئيسية


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[1] - Robiatul Adawiyah & Esti Junining & Sri Endah Tabiati" Multimodal Depiction of Israelis and Palestinians on Gaza Conflict in Two Middle Eastern Press" journal.unipdu.ac.id, Vol 12, No 1, September 2020.
[1]- Elie Friedman & Alexandra Herfroy-Mischler" The Media Framing of Blame Agency in Asymmetric Conflict: Who is Blaming Whom for the 2014 Israeli Palestinian Peace Negotiations Failure?" JOURNALISM STUDIES, July 2020.  
[1]- Miguel Angel Hernandez Cardenas"NEWS MEDIA FRAMING OF THE ISRAELI/PALESTINIAN CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA" Master, Department of Communications, Faculty of California State University, Fullerton, 2019.  
[1]- Omar Abu Arqoub & BAHIREEFE Ozad" Israeli media gatekeeper during Gaza war 2014 coverage: Case of study of yedioth ahronoth newspaper" Journal of Communication, Media Watch, 10(1)2019.   
[1]- DEBBIE RODAN & MAYYADA MHANNA" Ungrievable lives: Australian print media portrayals of Palestinian casualties during the Gaza War of 2014" australian journalism review, Volume 41, Number 1, 2019.
- Rabie, H. (2018). "tathir alsiyaq alsiyasii ealaa 'utruhat khitab alsahafat alearabiat alduwaliati- dirasat tahliliat naqdiat litatir mawqif misr alrasmii fi khitab jaridat alquds alearabii khilal alhurub al'iisrayiyliat ealaa ghazat fi 'aewam 2008 wa2012 wa2014", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahirata, 14(2).
[1]- Mayyada Mhanna" Caught in the frame: A critical analysis of Australian media representations of the IsraeliPalestinian conflict 2014–2015" PHD, School of Arts & Humanities, Edith Cowan University, 2018.
- Alawneh, H. (2017), "almuealajat alsuhufyt lileudwan al'iisrayuylii ealaa ghazat 2014 fi alsahafat al'urdunyt alywmyti", majalat mutat lilbuhuth waldirasati, silsilat aleulum al'iinsaniyt walaijtimaeuyt bijamieat Mutata, 4(1).
- Yusif, M. (2017). "al'utur alkhabariat lileudwan al'iisrayiylii ealaa ghazat eam 2014 fi alsuhuf alearabiat alyawmiati- dirasat tahlilat muqaranati", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Abdullah, O. (2016), "al'utur alkhabariat lileudwan al'iisrayiylii ealaa ghazat eam 2008 fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Issa, T. (2016), "al'utur alkhabariat lileudwan al'iisrayiylii ealaa ghazat 2014 fi mawqie sahifat niuyurk taymz al'amrikiati- dirasatan tahliliata", majalat aljamieat al'iislamiat lilbuhuth al'iinsaniati, shiuwn albahth aleilmii waldirasat aleulya, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza, 1(2).
[1] - Elisheva Rosmana & Zipi Israeli" From ‘Rambo’ to ‘sitting ducks’ and back again: the Israeli soldier in the media" ISRAEL AFFAIRS Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2015.
[1] - Mayyada Mhanna & Debbie Rodan" Power and Silence: Australian Media Portrayal of Israeli and Palestinian Casualties during the Gaza War of 2014" The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication, Official Conference Proceedings, 2015.
[1]- Yakubu Ozohu-Suleiman & Sidin Ahmad Ishak" Local Media in Global Conflict: Southeast Asian Newspapers and the Politics of Peace in Israel/Palestine" International Journal of Conflict and Violence, Vol. 8 (2) 2014.
[1]- Abdallah Z.A. Warshaga" Engagement patterns in the reporting of the Arab Israeli conflict in Al Jazeera English and the Washington Post” Journal of Modern Languages, Vol. 34, 2024.
[1] - Alina Korn"Reporting Palestinian casualties in the Israeli press: The case of Haaretz and the Intifada" Journalism Studies, May 2024.
[1]- Markus Maurer & Wilhelm Kempf" Coverage of the Second Intifada and the Gaza War in the German quality press" Diskussionsbeiträge der Projektgruppe Friedensforschung Konstanz, Nr. 69, 2021.  
[1]- Annelore Deprez & Karin Raeymaeckers" Bottlenecks in the coverage of the Israeli Palestinian conflict: the coverage of the first and second intifadas in the Flemish press" journals. sagepub, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2021.
[1]-Yakoub Abu Taha" A Critical Discourse Analysis of Gaza Marches of Return Coverage in Selected Newspapers" International Journal of Linguistics, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2020.
- Shaeban, Y. (2019)." al'utur alkhabariat liaintifadat alquds fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat lilsuhuf al'amrikiati- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Issa, T. (2019), "simyayiyat karikatir masirat aleawdat fi alsahafat alfilastiniati: dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majalat albahith al'iielamii, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Baghdad, 46(3).
[1]- Mohamad Elmasry" Death in the Middle East: An Analysis of How the New York Times and Chicago Tribune Framed Killings in the Second Palestinian Intifada" Journal of Middle East Media, Vol 5, 2019.  
- Al-Dalu, J. (2018), "simiayiyat alsuwrat alsahafiat fi aintifadat alquds fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majalat dirasat wa'abhathi, jamieat Aljulfat bi Aljazayir, 30(8).
- Al-Karnaz, K. (2018), "alsuwrat alsahufiat liaintifadat alquds fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Alhamas, M. (2018). "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw aintifadat alqudsi- dirasatan tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
[1] - BELAL DOUFESH"Ethnocentrism in Conflict News Coverage: A Multimodal Framing Analysis of the 2018 Gaza Protests in The Times of Israel and Al Jazeera" International Journal of Communication, vol 15, 2021.
- Ragheb, M. (2015), "al'utur alkhabariat lilmuqawamat alshaebiat fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- khiris, R. (2014). "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw qadiat almuqawamat alfilastiniati- dirasat tahliliatan wamaydaniat muqaranati", majstir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- 'Abu Amir, A. (2014). "alaintifadat fi alsahafat alfilastiniat 1987- 1993", majstir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
[1]- Justin Martin" Palestinian women, the western press and the first intifada" Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, Volume 4 Number 1, 2014  
[1]- Mona Raafat & Mohamed Salama & Shahira S. Fahmy" Shattered lives, unbroken stories: journalists’ perspectives from the frontlines of the Israel–Gaza war "Online Media and Global Communication, June 2024.
- khadr, A. (2022). "muealajat almawaqie al'iikhbariat alfilastiniat lil'azamat alsihiyat fi zili alhisar ealaa qitae Gaza - dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Youssef, B. (2022). "muealajat mawaqie alsuhuf alturkiat alnaatiqat biallughat alearabiat lilmuqawamat alsilmiati- masirat aleawdat wakasr alhisar nmwdhjan: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Ramadan, A. (2022). "al'utur alkhabariat limasirat aleawdat wakasr alhisar fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat al'iikhbariat fi almanatiq alfilastiniat almuhtalat eam 1948- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Al-Turk, A. (2019), "al'utur alkhabariat lihisar ghazat fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majalat aljamieat al'iislamiat lilbuhuth al'iinsaniati, shiuwn albahth aleilmii waldirasat aleulya, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza, 1(3).
[1]- Mohammed Wesam A. Amer" THE COVERAGE OF THE ISRAELI SIEGE OF GAZA STRIP PALESTINE IN THE BRITISH PRESS" Master, Anglia Ruskin University, 2019.
- Issa, T. (2018), wamuhamad husam mansur, "al'utur alkhabariat liqadiat hisar Gaza fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat lilsuhuf al'amrikiati- dirasatan tahliliatan muqaranata, majalat jamieat al'azhar, silsilat aleulum al'iinsaniati, jamieat al'azhar Gaza, 1(4).
- Saqallah, M. (2017), "dawr alsuhuf alyawmiat alfilastiniat fi taghtiat 'azmat alkahraba' fi muhafazat ghazati- dirasat tahliliat wamaydaniat muqaranati", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Al-Batsh, A. (2016), "taqyim alnukhbat alsiyasiat wal'iielamiat lilkhitab al'iielamii alfilastinii nahw qadiat hisar ghazat- dirasat maydaniati", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Abd alghafur, Y. (2015). "dawr almasadir fi bina' tahiuzat altaghtiat alkhabariat hawl hisar ghazat- dirasat wasfiat ealaa eayinat min alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati", majstir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Al-Omari, G. (2015), "muealajat alsuhuf alyawmiat alfilastiniat lilaintihakat al'iisrayiyliat lihuquq altifl alfilastinii- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, qism alsahafati, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Hasuwna, N. (2014), "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw qadaya huquq al'iinsan almadaniat walsiyasiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, qism alsahafati, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Adhuib, O. (2023), "altaatir al'iikhbarii li'ahdath alshaykh jirah fi alsahafat alearabiat dirasat tahliliatan lisuhuf- alraayat alqatariati, walraay al'urduniyatu", majalat aljamieat aleiraqiati, markaz albuhuth waldirasat al'iislamiati, aljamieat Aleiraqiati, 64(3).
- Nizar, R. (2022). "almuealajat al'iielamiat liqadiat hayi alshaykh jirah fi alsahafat al'iiliktruniat alearabiati- dirasat tahliliat lijaridat alquds alearabii allandaniat, majistir, qism alsahafati, kuliyat eulum al'iielam walaitisal alsameii albasarii, jamieat salih bubindar- qasnutinatan3 Aljazayar.
- Baraka, A. (2022). "muealajat almawaqie al'iiliktruniat alfilastiniat liqadaya altahwid limadinat alquds: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Baha El-Din, A. (2021). "albunaa albalaghiat lieanawin alsuhuf al'iisrayiyliat walearabiat 'iiza' 'ahdath hayi alshaykh jirah", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Al'azhar, 59(4).
- Saqra, G. (2021). "taghtiat alsuhuf liqadiat hayi alshaykh aljaraah bialqudsi- dirasat tahliliat ealaa baed alsuhuf (al'ahram- cnn bialearabii- filastin)", almajalat almisriat libuhuth alraay aleami, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahirati, 3(4).
[1]- Talat A. H. Issa & Abdulla M. Al Hamarna" News Frames of Israeli Settlement in the American Newspapers' Websites" International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020.
- Alhamarina, A. (2019). "al'utur alkhabariat liqadiat alaistitan al'iisrayiylii fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat lilsuhuf al'amrikiati" majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Abd alfataah, A. (2019). "alkhitab alsahufii nahw qadiat alquds baed 'iielan tramb 2017", almajalat almisriat libuhuth alraay aleami, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahirati, 4(2).
- Abd aleati, M. (2019) "muealajat alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiat liqadiat naql alsifarat al'amrikiat lilquds watadaeiatiha: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- khalid, R. (2018). "aitijahat maqalat alraay fi alsuhuf al'iiliktruniat al'amrikiat nahw qadiat alaistitan fi filastin- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- 'Ahmed, H. (2016) "almuealajat al'iielamiat liqadiat alaistitan al'iisrayiylii fi alsuhuf al'urduniyat fi alfatrat min 2011 'iilaa 2015", hawliaat adab Ain shams, kuliyat aladab, jamieat Ain shams, 44(2).
- Attia, M. (2015). "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw qadiat alaistitan al'iisrayiylii fi aldifat algharbiati- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Al-Ajla, R. (2014), "alkhitab alsuhufii nahw qadiat alquds fi alsuhuf alearabiat alduwaliati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.
- Muhamad, B. (2024). "alkhitab alsahufii al'iisrayuylii fi almawaqie al'iiliktrunyt al'iisrayiylyt alnaatiqat bialearabiyt 'iiza' qadyt altatbuye waineikasatih ealaa alnukhab aleiraqiyta- dirasat tatbiqiatun", dukturah, qism al'iielami, kuliyat aladab, jamieat Almansurat.
- Abd Aleaziz, D. (2024). wa'iiman muhamad hasny, "muealajat alsahafat alearabiat liqadiat altatbie mae 'iisrayiyl", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahira, 27(3).
[1]- Jana Itani" News Production & News Coverage of the Normalization Between Arab States & Israel in Arab Media" Master, Arts in Multimedia Journalism, School of Arts & Sciences, LEBANESE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY,2024.
- Ahmed, O. (2023), "altatbie al'iielamii bialmawaqie al'iikhbariat al'iisrayiyliat almuajahat bialearabiati- dirasat tahliliat wamaydaniat lilshuyuwn almisriat fi zili aljumhuriat aljadidati", almajalat almisriat libuhuth al'iielami, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahira, 83(2).
[1]- Mariam Azzam Dar Baker" A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representation of Arabs in the Israeli" Jerusalem Post" in the Periods before and after Normalization" Master, Department of English, College of Arts and Humanities, Middle East University, 2023.   
- Musaa, H. (2023). "madamin almaqalat alsahufiat fi alsahafat aleiraqiat nahw qadiat altatbie mae alkian alsahyunii- dirasatan mushiatan lisuhuf alsabah walzaman watariq alshaeb", majalat adab alfarahidi, jamieat Tikrit, 55(3).
[1]- Fatima Almajhdouba & Bahbibi Rahmatullaha & Akram Alloha" Arab-Israel Normalisation: A content Analysis of Palestinian online news coverage on UAE and Morocco recognition of Israel "Journal of Namibian Studies, 33, S2, 2023.
[1]-Kristýna Berková" THE MEDIA DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWENN ISRAEL AND ARAB STATES" Master, katedra sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, 2022.
[1]- MOHAMMED EL-NAWAWY & MOHAMAD HAMAS ELMASRY" Normalizing Normalization: Emirati and Israeli Newspaper Framing of the Israel–Palestine Conflict Before and After the Abraham Accords" International Journal of Communication, vol 16, 2022.   
- Naqira, A. (2022). wamuhamad suhayl almuqayadi, "qadaya altatbie alearabii mae alaihtilal al'iisrayiylii fi almawaqie al'iikhbariat alfilastiniati- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", almajalat alduwaliat lilaitisal alaijtimaeii, jamieat eabd alhamid bin badis mustaghanim bi Aljazayir, 1(2).
[1]-Mohamed Magdy Abdel Fattah"NORMALIZATION THROUGH THE VISUAL: HOW INTERNATIONAL MEDIA DEPICTED THE ABRAHAM ACCORDS"Master, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, The American University in Cairo, 2021.
[1] - Noshaba Nargis & Ashraf Iqbal & Sumaira Yasmeen" ditorial Treatment of Arab Israeli Relations in American Press" Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), Vol 12, Issue 10, October 2021.
- Boukla, S. (2021), "muealajat alsuhuf aljazayiriat liqadiat altatbie alearabii al'iisrayiylii- dirasat tahliliat ealaa eayinat min 'aedad jaridat alshuruq alyawmii", majistir, qism al'iielam waeulum alaitisali, kuliyat aleulum al'iinsaniat walaijtimaeiati, jamieat Muhamad Alsidiyq bin Yahi bi Aljazayar.
- Saeid, H. (2021). "atar almuealajat alsahufiat limawdueat altatbie mae 'iisrayiyl fi mawqie sahifat alaitihad al'iimaratiati", majalat dirasat wabuhuth 'iielamiatin, kuliyat al'iielami, aljamieat aleiraqiati, 3(2).