Trends of Ethnic Groups in Egypt Towards the Role of Visual Media in Achieving Cultural Integration - Nubia as a Model

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Lecturer of Radio & TV-Mass communication department

Abstract

The study sought to find out the role of visual media(programs-drama) on satellite channels in achieving the cultural integration of the Nubian society as a model for ethnic groups in Egypt and to identify the style most used by the visual media in dealing with ethnic groups as relatively marginalized groups with special cultural nature.
The study aimed to identify the opinion of the Nubian sample members of the size and attitude of satellite channels’ approach to the issues of the Nubian society in dramas and programs, and to explore their views on the presence of the Nubian character in dramas, the nature of this presence, and the mental image that the media content establishes, and to monitor the manifestations of media interaction patterns with Nubians, and to identify the mechanisms that enable the media to achieve cultural integration of the Nubians.
The researcher depended on the media survey method, using the questionnaire tool by applying an electronic form on 400 respondents from Nubians.
The study concluded to a number of important results, which are: The visual media through satellite channels does not play a positive role in the process of cultural integration between ethnic groups and the rest of society, despite being a global mass medium that depends on the image through which cultural vocabulary related to movement and color can be transmitted. With high viewing rates among the Egyptian society in general and the Nubian in particular, although the new media in its social networks has begun to compete with the visual mass media, especially among the ethnic groups and the marginalized, who find it a window for them on the surrounding society and the world, and that profiling is the most prominent method of dealing used by the Official and private visual media with Nubians.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

- Abd Alhamid, A. (2019). aleadaa' liwasayil al'iielami: altahadiyat almihniat waistieadat thiqat aljumhur, (Alqahira: alearabii lilnashr waltawzie), 28.
-Almashhadani, S. (2017).: manahij albahth al'iielamii, (Al'iimarat Alearabia Almutahida: Dar Alkitaab aljamieii, 162-163.
 ) Char’nese M. Turner "Media, Racial minorities and the mindset of journalists: Exploring the formula(s) used to tell crime/violence victim stories in minority communities" M.A. Thesis. University of Missouri-Columbia.2019.
 ) Shumaila Ahmed" Minority Rights as Human Rights: Hegemonic Media Representation of Minority Groups in Pakistan" The International Asian Research Journal 02(01): 2014.
 ) Asbjørn Kolberg"The Indigenous Voice in Majority Media. South Saami Representations in Norwegian Regional Press 1880–1990".M. A Thesis. The Faculty of Education and Arts, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.2018.
 ) Muhammad Raqib "Minority Group and the Media: Media Coverage on Shia Muslims in Malaysia"E3S Web of Conferences 73.2018.
 ) Sylvie Graf"The effects of news report valence and linguistic labels on prejudice against social minorities" Media Psychology, VO. 23, NO. 2 ,2020.
 ) Carolee Lantigua" A Content Analysis of the 2014 Immigration Crisis Media Coverage: An Intergroup Threat Theory Approach on the Age of Immigrants" Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone.VO.5 ,2017.
 ) Duda Balje" Minority communities in the media in Kosovo"ICCMS.Vol.8.2015.
 ) Helena Zdravković-Zonta"Serbs as Threat the Extreme Negative Portrayal of the Serb “Minority” in Albanian-language Newspapers in Kosovo" Independent researcher Trieste.vol. 15..2017.
 ) Kevin Dunn"“Adjusting the Colour Bars”: Media Representation of Ethnic Minorities under Australian and Canadian Multiculturalisms" M. A. Thesis. University of New South Wales.2010.
 ) Kovaleva Anastasia Mikhailovna"Racist Discourse of Electronic Mass Media as Factor of Designing of the Interethnic Conflicts" Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.Vol.1.2015.
 ) Rūta Sutkutė' Representtion of Islam and Muslims in western films: an “imaginary” muslim community"EUREKA: Social and Humanities» Number 4.2020.
 ) Van de Beek" The Effect of the Portrayal of the Ethnic Minorities in the media on attitudes of minorities and majority groups in Netherlands" Howard Journal of Communications.vol.9.2010.
 ) Hailey E. Hoffman" The Media Effect and the Implications for Racial Minority Groups" Student Publications. vol. 6.2018.
-  Jawish, M. : alnuwbat 'azmat huiat 'am qadiat 'aqaliya
Available at:https://eipss- eg.org/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9% 86%D9% 88%D8% A8%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%87% D9%88% D9% 8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85
-Markaz hudud lildaem walaistisharat (2019): 'awdae alnuwbiiyn fi misr kasukaan 'asliiyn fi alfatrat min 2018:2014, almurajaeat aldawriat alshaamilat lijumhuriat misr alearabiat, aldawrat althaalithata.
 ( Shetawy & Shafie : The Myth of Nubia, Egypt: A Vivid Potential or Desert Mirage, Democratic trasitions and sustainable communities, NO.82, Nov 2013.
-Omar, M. : almar'ati, al'aqaliyaat walfiat almuhamashat fi masr: harak huquqiun fi muajahat taeamul siasi.
Available at : https://mail.legal-agenda.com/studies/1399894314
 ) Mohamed M. Mohieddin" No change in sight: The situation of religious
minorities in post-Mubarak Egypt "Minority Rights Group International.2013.
-Mashrue taeziz altaeadudiat wanabdh altamyiz aleunsurii bial'iielam Almisrii, (2018) (wasayil al'iielam wa'aemal aldirama), (alqahirat: almarsad almisrii limunahadat altamyiz aleunsurii, yanayir2018).Available at: https://futureuae.com/m/Mainpage/Item/2211/%D8%A3%D8% AF% D8%A7%D8%A9
-Attiya, B. (2019). almasyuwliat alaijtimaeiat liwasayil al'iielam fi rasm surat aljamaeat aleirqiat bi Masr, almajalat almisriat libuhuth al'iielami, 69, 545-599.
-Jalal, A. (2010). almuealajat al'iielamiat liqadaya almuhamashin fi baramij alraay bialfadayiyaat almisriat aleamat walkhasat wa'athariha ealaa tashkil aitijahatihim nahw al'ada' alhukumi, bahath dimn 'aemal mutamar kuliyat al'iielam alsaadis eashra"al'iielam waqadaya alfaqr walmuhamashina: alwaqie waltahadiyati", (Alqahira: jamieat Alqahira, kuliyat al'iielami), 40-50.
-Albadawi. T. (2010). alshabakat alaijtimaeiat wataeziz muatanat al'aqaliyaat alnuwbiat fi masar: ruyat aithnujrafiat aiftiradiati, almajalat Almisriat libuhuth Al'iielam, 35, 1- 53.
- Badr, H. (2018).: maeayir taqyim altanawue al'iielamii fi wasayil al'iielam almisriati, risalat dukturah ghayr manshurat, (Alqahira: jamieat Alqahira, kuliyat Al'iielami).
 ) Nesma Mansour:Discourses around Nubians :A Critical Discourse Analysis of Egyptian, Requirement of Masters of Arts in International& Comparative Education, May 2017
 ) Caroline Elias"Hate speech in Egyptian television talk shows: a qualitative study. AUC. M.A. Thesis.2020
 ) Amr Abdallah Dalsh" Justice Denied, Promises Broken: The Situation of Egypt's Minorities Since 2014"Minority Rights Group International (MRG). Vol.20.2019.
 ) Maja Janmyr" Nubians in Contemporary Egypt: Mobilizing Return to Ancestral Lands" Middle East Critique, Vol. 25, No. 2.2016.
 ) Grzegorz Rachwał" Press of the German minority in Poland in 1989-2017" Social Communication. Volume 1 (2018).
 ) Alicia Ferrández Ferrer" Ethnic minority media: Between hegemony and resistance" Journal of Alternative and Community 2 Media, vol. 4(3) (2019).
 ) Bonfadelli, Heinz" Use of old and new media by ethnic minority youth in Europe with a special emphasis on Switzerland" University of Zurich.M. A Thesis2010.
 (
- Khalid, Y., Alrabiey, W. , khataab al'aqaliyaat fi mawaqie altawasul aliajtimaeii watijahatiha Alfikriat wahajatiha al'iinsaniati.
Available at: https://www.google.com/search?ei=QdfyXbXzJbeAjLsP9eWbwAU&q= %D8% AE%D8%B7% D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9% 82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA&oq=%D8%AE%
 ) Elizabeth Monier" Middle Eastern Minorities in Global Media and the Politics of National Belonging "Arab Media & Society (Issue 24, Summer/Fall 2017).
 ) Anna Triandafyllidou" Studying and evaluating the role of the media in migrant integration" European University Institute.2012.
 ) Horst Pottker" Media, Migration, Integration" European and North American Perspectives.Vol.3.2011.
 ) Gianluca Parolin: Citizenship in the Arab World: Kin, Religion and Nation- State, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2009), p.17
 ) Elizabeth A. Smith: Place, Class, Race in              the Barabra Café" Nubians in Egyptian Media, (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press,2006), pp.399-413.
-Ibrahim, H., Hanaa, M. (2014).: 'azmat al'aqaliyaat fi alwatan alearabii, (Dimashq: Dar Alfikr almueasiri), 6-40.
- Aleajati, M. (2014). almuatinat almafhum walmumarasat baed althawrat almisriati, waraqat dimn 'awraq warshat eamal "almuatanat wahuquq alnisa' baed althawrat alearabiati", (Alqahira: muntadaa albadayil alearabii lildirasati,), 9- 18.
 
 ) Fulya Atacan: citizenship rights for ethnic minorities in Turkey; the case of Kurds, chapter in the book of "citizenship and social components in the Arab region", (Cairo: Al Badael forum for studies, 2015), pp.231-248.
-Almurshid, A. (2015). alaindimaj almuajal fi alhalat alshiyeiat fi alkhalij wasiasat almuatanati, waraqat dimn 'awraq warshat eamali" almuatanat walmukawinat almujtamaeiat fi almintaqat alearabiati", (Alqahira: muntadaa albadayil alearabii lildirasati), 171.
-Aleajati, M. (2015). almuatinat walmukawinat alaijtimaeiat fi alwatan alearabii eaqib althawrat alearabiati...astikmal albinyat 'am taghyir fi almasari? waraqat dimn 'awraq warshat eamal "almuatanat walmukawinat almujtamaeiat fi almintaqat alearabiati", (Alqahira: muntadaa albadayil alearabii lildirasati), 29.
-Alhalaq, S. (2015). almuatinat wahuquq alnisa' "suria mthalan", waraqat dimn 'awraq warshat eamal "almuatanat walmukawinat almujtamaeiat fi almintaqat alearabiati", (Alqahira: muntadaa albadayil alearabii lildirasati), 65- 68.
- Fahmi, G. (2015), 'azmat almuatanat fi masr: limadha fashilat alharakat alshababiat almutalibat bidawlat almuatinati? halat aitihad shabab masbiru waitihad shabab alnuwbat aldiymuqrati, waraqatan dimn 'awraq warshat eamal "almuatanat walmukawinat almujtamaeiat fi almintaqat alearabiati", (Alqahira: muntadaa albadayil alearabii lildirasati) 65- 68.
-Almajlis Al'aelaa litanzim (2019). al'iielami...qira'at fi alsalahiaat walmumarasati, (Alqahira: muasasat Huriyat Alfikr waltaebiri,), 5.
 ( Hafsaas, H."The C-group people in lower nubia: Cattle pastoralists on the frontier between Egypt and kush".The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia,2021, pp.157–160.
 ) Page-Reeves, Janet et al. “A Randomized Control Trial to Test a Peer Support Group Approach for Reducing Social Isolation and Depression among Female Mexican Immigrants.” BMC Public Health 21.1 (2021).
 ) Ramasubramanian, Srividya, Marissa Joanna Doshi, & Muniba Saleem. "Mainstream Versus Ethnic Media: "How They Shape Ethnic Pride and Self-Esteem Among Ethnic Minority Audiences", International Journal of communication,11
2017, p.1881.
-Available at: http://www.ohchr.org

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics