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[1](Joëlle Swart, Experiencing Algorithms: How Young People Understand, Feel About, and Engage With Algorithmic News Selection on Social Media, Social Media + Society, April-June 2021,pp 1-11.
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[1](Michael S. Bernstein, Angèle Christin, Jeffrey T. Hancock, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Chenyan Jia, Michelle Lam, Nicole Meister, Nathaniel Persily, Tiziano Piccardi, Martin Saveski, Jeanne L. Tsai, Johan Ugander, and Chunchen Xu, Embedding Societal Values into Social Media Algorithms, Journal of Online Trust and Safety, September 2023, pp 1- 13.
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[1]) Samia Tasnim, Md Mahboub Hossain, Hoimonty Mazumder, op.cit.
[1]) Rodrigo Cetina Presuel, Jose Manuel Martínez Sierra, op. cit.
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[1]) Sara Fischer, “Inside TikTok’s killer algorithm.”2020, Available at: https://www.axios.com /2020/09/10/inside-TikTok’s-killer-algorithm (
[1] (Livia Norström, Anna Sigríður Island, Ulrika M. Lundh Snis, op. cit, p6
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[1]) Arvind Narayanan, op. cit.
[1]) Max Fisher, The Chaos Machine: The Inside Story of How social media Rewired Our Minds and Our World, book review, guardian, Available at:
[1]) Arvind Narayanan, op. cit.
[1] ibid.
[1](Arvind Narayanan, Understanding Social Media Recommendation Algorithms. Knight First Amend Institute, 2023.pp 1-39.
[1] (Constanza M. Vidal Bustamante, op. cit.
[1]) Ekaterina Zhuravskaya, Maria Petrova, Ruben Enikolopov, Political Effects of the Internet and social media, Annual Review of Economics, Vol.12, August 2020, p416.
[1]) Jay J. van Bavel, Claire E. Robertson, Kareena del Rosario, Jesper Rasmussen, Steve Rathje, social media and morality, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.75, October 2023, p5.
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[1]) Social Media Algorithms: Content Recommendation, Moderation, and Congressional Considerations,
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[1]) Bill Chapell, FEC Commissioner Rips Facebook Over Political Ad Policy: 'This Will Not Do', npr,9 January 2020, Available at:
[1]) Caroline Crystal, Facebook, Telegram, and the Ongoing Struggle Against Online Hate Speech, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 7 september 2023, Available at:
[1]) Yumna Patel, 2021 in Review: A Year of Struggle and Victories for The Palestine Cause, Mondoweiss, 28 December 2021, Available at:
[1]) Tarek Ali Ahmed, Nadia Faour, Israel-Gaza: Social media users accuse Meta’s Instagram of censorship of pro-Palestinian posts, Arab News, 15 October 2023, Available at:
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[1] (Joseph Menn, As false war information spreads on X, Musk promotes unvetted accounts, 8 October, The Washington post, Available at:
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