Modern Trends in Journalistic Research on the Arab-Israeli Conflict : a Second-Level Meta-Analysis Study

Bassyouni, Ibrahim

doi:10.21608/jsb.2025.373034.1907

Modern Trends in Journalistic Research on the Arab-Israeli Conflict : a Second-Level Meta-Analysis Study

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Ibrahim Bassyouni

Department of Journalism, Faculty of Mass Communication, Al-Azhar University

10.21608/jsb.2025.373034.1907

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze the scientific heritage of Arab-Israeli conflict research in Arab and foreign studies from 2014 to 2025, in terms of its research problems, theoretical frameworks, and methodological techniques, to identify its theoretical and methodological strengths and weaknesses. This study belongs to the category of second-level descriptive - analytical research. In this context, it relied on conducting a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of (106) studies to present an integrated vision based on the second-level meta-analysis method, which aims to build the critical vision necessary for developing Arab-Israeli conflict research in the press and on news websites. Among the most important findings of the research are:

Arab and Islamic studies (particularly from Malaysia and Indonesia) highlighted the suffering of the Palestinian people due to Jewish massacres, policies of starvation, displacement, and settlement, as well as the rights of Palestinians to defend themselves against the Israeli occupation. In contrast, foreign studies (Australian, European, and American) were biased, portraying Palestinians as terrorists who use violence against Israelis. These studies emphasized Israeli narratives while ignoring Palestinian perspectives, turning a blind eye to Zionist atrocities against unarmed Palestinian civilians—women, children, and the elderly—amid a lack of global conscience. The American media’s perspective on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was found to be inseparable from U.S. policy in the Middle East.
Geographical proximity influenced research focus: The closer a country was to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the more studies it produced on the subject, while distant regions showed fewer studies.
Theoretical frameworks in foreign studies were employed less frequently than in Arab research, yet they were distinguished by novelty. This reflects foreign researchers' emphasis on precision in selecting theoretical approaches to analyze, interpret, and derive scientific laws that aid in predicting current and future phenomena.
Some Arab studies utilized relatively modern theories compared to traditional Arab media research. Both Arab and foreign studies demonstrated innovation by integrating multiple theories, breaking away from the conventional single-theory approach.
Peer-reviewed academic journals were the most common publication medium for research on the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Press and publishing

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[1]- Markus Maurer & Wilhelm Kempf" Coverage of the Second Intifada and the Gaza War in the German quality press" Diskussionsbeiträge der Projektgruppe Friedensforschung Konstanz, Nr. 69, 2021.

[1]- Annelore Deprez & Karin Raeymaeckers" Bottlenecks in the coverage of the Israeli Palestinian conflict: the coverage of the first and second intifadas in the Flemish press" journals. sagepub, Volume 4, Issue 2, 2021.

[1]-Yakoub Abu Taha" A Critical Discourse Analysis of Gaza Marches of Return Coverage in Selected Newspapers" International Journal of Linguistics, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2020.

- Shaeban, Y. (2019)." al'utur alkhabariat liaintifadat alquds fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat lilsuhuf al'amrikiati- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Issa, T. (2019), "simyayiyat karikatir masirat aleawdat fi alsahafat alfilastiniati: dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majalat albahith al'iielamii, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Baghdad, 46(3).

[1]- Mohamad Elmasry" Death in the Middle East: An Analysis of How the New York Times and Chicago Tribune Framed Killings in the Second Palestinian Intifada" Journal of Middle East Media, Vol 5, 2019.

- Al-Dalu, J. (2018), "simiayiyat alsuwrat alsahafiat fi aintifadat alquds fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majalat dirasat wa'abhathi, jamieat Aljulfat bi Aljazayir, 30(8).

- Al-Karnaz, K. (2018), "alsuwrat alsahufiat liaintifadat alquds fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Alhamas, M. (2018). "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw aintifadat alqudsi- dirasatan tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

[1] - BELAL DOUFESH"Ethnocentrism in Conflict News Coverage: A Multimodal Framing Analysis of the 2018 Gaza Protests in The Times of Israel and Al Jazeera" International Journal of Communication, vol 15, 2021.

- Ragheb, M. (2015), "al'utur alkhabariat lilmuqawamat alshaebiat fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- khiris, R. (2014). "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw qadiat almuqawamat alfilastiniati- dirasat tahliliatan wamaydaniat muqaranati", majstir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- 'Abu Amir, A. (2014). "alaintifadat fi alsahafat alfilastiniat 1987- 1993", majstir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

[1]- Justin Martin" Palestinian women, the western press and the first intifada" Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, Volume 4 Number 1, 2014

[1]- Mona Raafat & Mohamed Salama & Shahira S. Fahmy" Shattered lives, unbroken stories: journalists’ perspectives from the frontlines of the Israel–Gaza war "Online Media and Global Communication, June 2024.

- khadr, A. (2022). "muealajat almawaqie al'iikhbariat alfilastiniat lil'azamat alsihiyat fi zili alhisar ealaa qitae Gaza - dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Youssef, B. (2022). "muealajat mawaqie alsuhuf alturkiat alnaatiqat biallughat alearabiat lilmuqawamat alsilmiati- masirat aleawdat wakasr alhisar nmwdhjan: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Ramadan, A. (2022). "al'utur alkhabariat limasirat aleawdat wakasr alhisar fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat al'iikhbariat fi almanatiq alfilastiniat almuhtalat eam 1948- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Al-Turk, A. (2019), "al'utur alkhabariat lihisar ghazat fi alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majalat aljamieat al'iislamiat lilbuhuth al'iinsaniati, shiuwn albahth aleilmii waldirasat aleulya, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza, 1(3).

[1]- Mohammed Wesam A. Amer" THE COVERAGE OF THE ISRAELI SIEGE OF GAZA STRIP PALESTINE IN THE BRITISH PRESS" Master, Anglia Ruskin University, 2019.

- Issa, T. (2018), wamuhamad husam mansur, "al'utur alkhabariat liqadiat hisar Gaza fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat lilsuhuf al'amrikiati- dirasatan tahliliatan muqaranata, majalat jamieat al'azhar, silsilat aleulum al'iinsaniati, jamieat al'azhar Gaza, 1(4).

- Saqallah, M. (2017), "dawr alsuhuf alyawmiat alfilastiniat fi taghtiat 'azmat alkahraba' fi muhafazat ghazati- dirasat tahliliat wamaydaniat muqaranati", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Al-Batsh, A. (2016), "taqyim alnukhbat alsiyasiat wal'iielamiat lilkhitab al'iielamii alfilastinii nahw qadiat hisar ghazat- dirasat maydaniati", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Abd alghafur, Y. (2015). "dawr almasadir fi bina' tahiuzat altaghtiat alkhabariat hawl hisar ghazat- dirasat wasfiat ealaa eayinat min alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiati", majstir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Al-Omari, G. (2015), "muealajat alsuhuf alyawmiat alfilastiniat lilaintihakat al'iisrayiyliat lihuquq altifl alfilastinii- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, qism alsahafati, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Hasuwna, N. (2014), "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw qadaya huquq al'iinsan almadaniat walsiyasiati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, qism alsahafati, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Adhuib, O. (2023), "altaatir al'iikhbarii li'ahdath alshaykh jirah fi alsahafat alearabiat dirasat tahliliatan lisuhuf- alraayat alqatariati, walraay al'urduniyatu", majalat aljamieat aleiraqiati, markaz albuhuth waldirasat al'iislamiati, aljamieat Aleiraqiati, 64(3).

- Nizar, R. (2022). "almuealajat al'iielamiat liqadiat hayi alshaykh jirah fi alsahafat al'iiliktruniat alearabiati- dirasat tahliliat lijaridat alquds alearabii allandaniat, majistir, qism alsahafati, kuliyat eulum al'iielam walaitisal alsameii albasarii, jamieat salih bubindar- qasnutinatan3 Aljazayar.

- Baraka, A. (2022). "muealajat almawaqie al'iiliktruniat alfilastiniat liqadaya altahwid limadinat alquds: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Baha El-Din, A. (2021). "albunaa albalaghiat lieanawin alsuhuf al'iisrayiyliat walearabiat 'iiza' 'ahdath hayi alshaykh jirah", majalat albuhuth al'iielamiati, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Al'azhar, 59(4).

- Saqra, G. (2021). "taghtiat alsuhuf liqadiat hayi alshaykh aljaraah bialqudsi- dirasat tahliliat ealaa baed alsuhuf (al'ahram- cnn bialearabii- filastin)", almajalat almisriat libuhuth alraay aleami, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahirati, 3(4).

[1]- Talat A. H. Issa & Abdulla M. Al Hamarna" News Frames of Israeli Settlement in the American Newspapers' Websites" International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020.

- Alhamarina, A. (2019). "al'utur alkhabariat liqadiat alaistitan al'iisrayiylii fi almawaqie al'iiliktruniat lilsuhuf al'amrikiati" majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Abd alfataah, A. (2019). "alkhitab alsahufii nahw qadiat alquds baed 'iielan tramb 2017", almajalat almisriat libuhuth alraay aleami, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahirati, 4(2).

- Abd aleati, M. (2019) "muealajat alsuhuf alfilastiniat alyawmiat liqadiat naql alsifarat al'amrikiat lilquds watadaeiatiha: dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- khalid, R. (2018). "aitijahat maqalat alraay fi alsuhuf al'iiliktruniat al'amrikiat nahw qadiat alaistitan fi filastin- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- 'Ahmed, H. (2016) "almuealajat al'iielamiat liqadiat alaistitan al'iisrayiylii fi alsuhuf al'urduniyat fi alfatrat min 2011 'iilaa 2015", hawliaat adab Ain shams, kuliyat aladab, jamieat Ain shams, 44(2).

- Attia, M. (2015). "alkhitab alsahufii alfilastinii nahw qadiat alaistitan al'iisrayiylii fi aldifat algharbiati- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Al-Ajla, R. (2014), "alkhitab alsuhufii nahw qadiat alquds fi alsuhuf alearabiat alduwaliati- dirasat tahliliat muqaranata", majistir, kuliyat aladab, aljamieat al'iislamiat Gaza.

- Muhamad, B. (2024). "alkhitab alsahufii al'iisrayuylii fi almawaqie al'iiliktrunyt al'iisrayiylyt alnaatiqat bialearabiyt 'iiza' qadyt altatbuye waineikasatih ealaa alnukhab aleiraqiyta- dirasat tatbiqiatun", dukturah, qism al'iielami, kuliyat aladab, jamieat Almansurat.

- Abd Aleaziz, D. (2024). wa'iiman muhamad hasny, "muealajat alsahafat alearabiat liqadiat altatbie mae 'iisrayiyl", almajalat aleilmiat libuhuth alsahafati, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahira, 27(3).

[1]- Jana Itani" News Production & News Coverage of the Normalization Between Arab States & Israel in Arab Media" Master, Arts in Multimedia Journalism, School of Arts & Sciences, LEBANESE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY,2024.

- Ahmed, O. (2023), "altatbie al'iielamii bialmawaqie al'iikhbariat al'iisrayiyliat almuajahat bialearabiati- dirasat tahliliat wamaydaniat lilshuyuwn almisriat fi zili aljumhuriat aljadidati", almajalat almisriat libuhuth al'iielami, kuliyat al'iielami, jamieat Alqahira, 83(2).

[1]- Mariam Azzam Dar Baker" A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representation of Arabs in the Israeli" Jerusalem Post" in the Periods before and after Normalization" Master, Department of English, College of Arts and Humanities, Middle East University, 2023.

- Musaa, H. (2023). "madamin almaqalat alsahufiat fi alsahafat aleiraqiat nahw qadiat altatbie mae alkian alsahyunii- dirasatan mushiatan lisuhuf alsabah walzaman watariq alshaeb", majalat adab alfarahidi, jamieat Tikrit, 55(3).

[1]- Fatima Almajhdouba & Bahbibi Rahmatullaha & Akram Alloha" Arab-Israel Normalisation: A content Analysis of Palestinian online news coverage on UAE and Morocco recognition of Israel "Journal of Namibian Studies, 33, S2, 2023.

[1]-Kristýna Berková" THE MEDIA DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWENN ISRAEL AND ARAB STATES" Master, katedra sociální geografie a regionálního rozvoje, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Univerzita Karlova, 2022.

[1]- MOHAMMED EL-NAWAWY & MOHAMAD HAMAS ELMASRY" Normalizing Normalization: Emirati and Israeli Newspaper Framing of the Israel–Palestine Conflict Before and After the Abraham Accords" International Journal of Communication, vol 16, 2022.

- Naqira, A. (2022). wamuhamad suhayl almuqayadi, "qadaya altatbie alearabii mae alaihtilal al'iisrayiylii fi almawaqie al'iikhbariat alfilastiniati- dirasat tahliliatan muqaranata", almajalat alduwaliat lilaitisal alaijtimaeii, jamieat eabd alhamid bin badis mustaghanim bi Aljazayir, 1(2).

[1]-Mohamed Magdy Abdel Fattah"NORMALIZATION THROUGH THE VISUAL: HOW INTERNATIONAL MEDIA DEPICTED THE ABRAHAM ACCORDS"Master, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, The American University in Cairo, 2021.

[1] - Noshaba Nargis & Ashraf Iqbal & Sumaira Yasmeen" ditorial Treatment of Arab Israeli Relations in American Press" Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI), Vol 12, Issue 10, October 2021.

- Boukla, S. (2021), "muealajat alsuhuf aljazayiriat liqadiat altatbie alearabii al'iisrayiylii- dirasat tahliliat ealaa eayinat min 'aedad jaridat alshuruq alyawmii", majistir, qism al'iielam waeulum alaitisali, kuliyat aleulum al'iinsaniat walaijtimaeiati, jamieat Muhamad Alsidiyq bin Yahi bi Aljazayar.

- Saeid, H. (2021). "atar almuealajat alsahufiat limawdueat altatbie mae 'iisrayiyl fi mawqie sahifat alaitihad al'iimaratiati", majalat dirasat wabuhuth 'iielamiatin, kuliyat al'iielami, aljamieat aleiraqiati, 3(2).